Vehicle-Motion-Triggered Triboelectric Wireless Signaling for Velocity Detection.

Abstract

Wireless vehicle speed sensing with minimal energy consumption is highly desirable for the large-scale Internet of Vehicles, where conventional monitoring infrastructures are often constrained by external power supply requirements and complicated deployment. Here, a self-powered triboelectric wireless sensing strategy directly converts vehicle motion into identifiable electromagnetic responses for real-time monitoring of velocity and acceleration. The system integrates a triboelectric nanogenerator with a resonant LRC circuit, a gas discharge tube, and a rectifying diode to form a fully self-sustained sensing transmission unit. Resonance-assisted electrical discharge inside the transmission loop generates a distinguishable wireless transient. Each wheel-triggered excitation produces an isolated electromagnetic response, allowing the direct reconstruction of vehicle motion states. The proposed approach achieves 99.32% velocity accuracy and an acceleration accuracy above 97% under dynamic conditions. Owing to its battery-free operation, compact structure, and facile scalability, this work provides a promising route for distributed wireless traffic monitoring and self-powered intelligent transportation sensing.