Prognostic Factors for Clinical Outcomes and Lesion Reactivation in Stage 2-3 Type 3 Macular Neovascularization Treated Using a Treat-and-Extend Regimen.

Abstract

To evaluate the treatment outcomes of type 3 macular neovascularization(MNV) and identify factors associated with visual outcomes and lesion reactivation during 76 weeks of aflibercept therapy using a treat-and-extend(TAE) regimen. This post hoc analysis included 25 treatment-naïve patients with stage 2-3 type 3 MNV who participated in a previous prospective study and received aflibercept treatment for 76 weeks using a TAE regimen. The incidence and outcomes of the first lesion reactivation were assessed. Factors associated with lesion reactivation and best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA) at the final visit were evaluated. Lesion reactivation occurred in 8 patients(32.0%) during the treatment period; however, no patient experienced a loss of ≥5 letters before or after the first reactivation. In multivariate analysis, BCVA at week 16 was a strong predictor of final BCVA(P<0.001, β=1.191), and older age was significantly associated with a lower risk of lesion reactivation(P=0.036, β=0.811). Early visual outcomes after the initial loading injections can serve as reliable prognostic indicators for long-term treatment of stage 2-3 type 3 MNV using a TAE regimen. In younger patients, the increased likelihood of lesion reactivation should be considered. Although lesion reactivation occurred in approximately one-third of the patients, it did not result in significant visual deterioration. Further studies analyzing treatment outcomes in stage 1 disease are required.