Thermal cycling-induced nitriding increases energy-storage density in titanate ferroelectric films.
basic_science · Level V
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- Record sourced from PubMed, PMID 42658949.
- Also identified by DOI 10.1126/science.aeb5274.
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Abstract
Enhancing dielectric energy-storage density (<i>U</i><sub>e</sub>) requires maximizing the difference between maximum and remanent polarizations (Δ<i>P</i>). Improving Δ<i>P</i> remains fundamentally challenging, as existing strategies rarely achieve simultaneous high maximum polarization and low remanent polarization. We introduce a postsynthesis treatment method, cryogenic thermal cycling, in which liquid nitrogen infiltrates the film and then is rapidly cycled to 100°C. This process markedly increases Δ<i>P</i> to 105 microcoulombs per square centimeter in oxide ferroelectric titanate films through oxygen vacancy-mediated nitrogen hybridization. Using this approach, we increased <i>U</i><sub>e</sub> to 261 joules per cubic centimeter with an efficiency approaching 80%. This approach is broadly applicable to diverse film materials with thicknesses spanning the nano- to microscale, offering a facile and cost-effective route to overcoming the critical bottleneck in Δ<i>P</i> and <i>U</i><sub>e</sub>.