Toward Ultrahigh-Rate Li-Cl₂ Batteries via an Electron Pump Strategy.

Abstract

Rechargeable lithium-chlorine (Li-Cl₂) batteries hold great promise due to their high energy density, yet their performance is limited by sluggish electron‑ion transport at the solid-solid interface between the electrode and insulating LiCl. Here, we construct a MoSe₂/TiN heterostructure featuring a built‑in electric field‑driven electron pump, which simultaneously enhances electronic coupling and achieve rapid activation of LiCl. This design enables rapid extraction of electrons from LiCl during charging, efficiently promotes LiCl dissociation and significantly reduces interfacial diffusion resistance by transforming the reaction interface from localized points into a homogeneous plane through strong electronic coupling. The resulting Li-Cl₂ battery achieves an ultralow polarization of 0.18 V and outstanding rate performance up to 50 A g^-1. Moreover, a cylindrical cell configuration demonstrates stable cycling over 35 cycles with a capacity retention of 70 mAh. This work offers both a high‑performance cathode and fundamental insight into interfacial charge‑mass transfer regulation in multi‑phase battery systems.