Exploring animal-assisted therapy in stroke rehabilitation: a systematic review of emerging evidence.

Abstract

Stroke rehabilitation often involves long-term challenges across physical, psychological, cognitive, and social domains, and existing services do not always meet these multidimensional needs. A small number of studies have examined the use of animal-assisted therapy (AAT) in this context. This systematic review aimed to synthesise the available evidence on AAT in adults undergoing stroke rehabilitation, focusing on its reported effects across key domains of recovery. A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Eligible studies reported original findings on the use of AAT with adults post-stroke. Data were extracted, appraised using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool, and synthesised narratively. Twelve studies were included, using varied designs and intervention approaches. AAT was typically delivered alongside standard rehabilitation and was associated with study-reported improvements in gait, balance, mood, motivation, and perceived recovery, although findings varied across studies. AAT may offer supportive value in stroke rehabilitation, particularly in domains aligned with holistic recovery. Further research is needed to evaluate feasibility, long-term outcomes, and the ethical implications of implementation.