Polar and subpolar shelf seas dominate enhanced coastal CO<sub>2</sub> uptake during marine heatwaves.

Hu, Zhentao; Mathis, Moritz; Li, Hongmei; Ilyina, Tatiana; Voynova, Yoana G; Macovei, Vlad A; Zhou, Feng; Meng, Qicheng et al. · Nat Commun · 2026

Where this comes from

Abstract

Marine heatwaves (MHWs) perturb air-sea CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes, but their cumulative impact on the global coastal carbon sink remains poorly understood. Using four observation-based CO<sub>2</sub> flux datasets, with priority given to a global coastal product, we find that MHWs enhance net CO<sub>2</sub> uptake in global shelf seas by 11.0 ± 1.6% from 1985 to 2020, in contrast to reduced uptake in the open ocean. The enhancement is largely attributable to polar and subpolar shelf seas, where frequent MHWs coincide with sea-ice loss and non-thermal reductions in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), outweighing reduced uptake or enhanced outgassing in lower-latitude, warming-dominated regions. Analysis with a global ocean biogeochemical model suggests that the observed DIC reductions are largely linked to enhanced biological carbon fixation. Our findings reveal region-specific MHW impacts on coastal carbon dynamics, highlighting a critical role of high-latitude shelf systems in the global carbon budget under ongoing climate change.