Magnetic-field-tunable cyclotron hyperbolic polaritons.

Abstract

Hyperbolic polaritons are conventionally associated with structural anisotropy or phononic Reststrahlen bands. Here, we predict a class of hyperbolic polaritons arising from magnetic-field-induced cyclotron motion of charge carriers. When a perpendicular magnetic field is applied to high-mobility semimetals, the cyclotron response drives the in-plane dielectric function from metallic- to insulating-like below the cyclotron resonance frequency, while the out-of-plane response remains metallic. This anisotropy creates a hyperbolic dielectric environment that supports field-tunable cyclotron hyperbolic polaritons. We develop a comprehensive theoretical framework incorporating coupling to other collective excitations and predict characteristic terahertz near-field signatures of cyclotron hyperbolic polaritons, providing guidance for their future experimental observation. Our work identifies cyclotron motion as a route to hyperbolic polaritons and establishes a versatile platform for magnetically programmable nanophotonics.