Readiness for artificial intelligence adoption among rehabilitation professionals: an international cross-sectional survey.

Abstract

As artificial intelligence (AI) becomes more integrated into rehabilitation practice, it is necessary to understand whether rehabilitation professionals are prepared to use these technologies safely, ethically, and effectively across diverse international contexts. This study examined AI readiness, technology acceptance, and factors associated with behavioral intention to use AI among an international sample of rehabilitation professionals. A cross-sectional online survey was administered to rehabilitation professionals recruited through an online education platform. The survey included demographic data, prior AI exposure, the Medical Artificial Intelligence Readiness Scale-Modified (MAIRS-MS), and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). Multivariable linear regression identified factors associated with behavioral intention to use AI. A total of 2,496 responses were recorded, representing diverse geographic regions. Behavioral intention to use AI was relatively high, while overall AI readiness was moderate. Behavioral intention was associated with AI readiness, performance expectancy, attitude toward AI, self-efficacy, anxiety, age, prior AI use, and profession. The adoption of AI in rehabilitation may be advancing more rapidly faster than workforce preparation. Rehabilitation professionals require practical education, ethical guidance, and implementation support to critically evaluate AI outputs, integrate AI into clinical workflows, and protect person-centered care.