Atmospheric methane lifetime during the Last Glacial Maximum was reduced owing to dust-mediated chlorine chemistry.

Meidan, Daphne; Cuevas, Carlos A; Villamayor, Julián; Fernandez, Rafael P; Cosentino, Nicolás J; Albani, Samuel; Mahowald, Natalie M; Spolaor, Andrea et al. · Science · 2026

basic_science · Level V

Where this comes from

Abstract

Atmospheric methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) plays a central role in Earth's climate, yet the drivers of its decline during the high-dust conditions of glacial periods, such as the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), remain uncertain. Previous explanations imply source-driven changes, assuming an atmospheric lifetime comparable to that of present day. Recent work shows that interactions between mineral dust and sea salt aerosols produce CH<sub>4</sub>-removing chlorine radicals. In this work, we show that during the LGM, CH<sub>4</sub> lifetime shortened to 7.8 years, 20% lower than that of present day. Chlorine contributed ~15% of global CH<sub>4</sub> loss, fourfold that of present day. Our results reproduce ice core CH<sub>4</sub> isotopic evidence, demonstrating that stronger-than-assumed atmospheric sinks can explain CH<sub>4</sub> variability without invoking substantial source changes, highlighting the overlooked role of chlorine chemistry in the glacial CH<sub>4</sub> budget.