Spectrum of Gluten Intolerance.

Jansson-Knodell, Claire L; Rubio-Tapia, Alberto · Annu Rev Med · 2026

review · Level V

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Abstract

The spectrum of gluten intolerance spans celiac disease, dermatitis herpetiformis, nonceliac gluten sensitivity, and wheat allergy. These conditions share gluten as the driver perpetuating symptoms and pathology. This review seeks to compare and contrast the main conditions on the spectrum of gluten intolerance with respect to definition, epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment.