Color patterns as a model for connecting developmental mechanisms to phenotypic evolution.

Abstract

Vertebrate color patterns are experimentally accessible and ecologically relevant traits, making them excellent models for studying how diversity arises during development and evolution. Advances in developmental biology, pattern quantification, and broad phylogenetic sampling now offer an opportunity to investigate how pattern development and evolution influence each other. To facilitate this crosstalk, we propose a conceptual framework connecting pattern development with its diversification through two key developmental principles: self-organization and instruction. This integrative framework advances our understanding of color pattern evo-devo and provides a roadmap for connecting development with diversification across traits and taxa.