Dermatological Manifestations of Emergent Viruses. Part II: Vector-Borne and Opportunistic Viral Infections.

Abstract

Vector-borne and opportunistic viral infections continue to expand geographically and present with diverse mucocutaneous manifestations that may be unfamiliar to dermatologists. Recognition of these presentations may facilitate early diagnosis. Herein, we summarize the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, management, outcomes, and prevention of dermatologically relevant vector-borne viruses and opportunistic viral infections. Most infections are managed supportively, although prompt recognition is essential to identify patients at risk for severe neurologic disease, congenital infection, chronic inflammatory arthritis, or malignancy. Advances in vector control, vaccination, antiretroviral therapy, and targeted treatments have improved prevention and outcomes.