Self-Passivated Metal Oxides Composite Buffer Stabilizing Efficient Perovskite Solar Modules.

Chen, Siyuan; Li, Jiahui; Xiang, Wenxiang; Zhang, Ziyang; Yang, Yingguo; Dong, Qingshun; Han, Liyuan; Wang, Yanbo · Adv Mater · 2026

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Narrowing the device-to-module gap of perovskite photovoltaic is a crucial issue at this stage. Current limitations include the lack of efficient, stable, and low-cost buffer layers that are compatible with scalable production. Here, a composite of self-passivating metals is reported that overcomes the Volmer-Weber growth on the C<sub>60</sub> surface in thermal evaporation, ultimately forming an ultrathin, compact, and robust self-passivated metal oxide buffer, which demonstrates reduced non-radiative recombination and a strong barrier against component migration in devices. Besides, the adverse crystallization of C<sub>60</sub> under damp and heat is suppressed. Implementing this approach, the blade-coated perovskite solar module (PSM) achieved a certified steady-state power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.72% over an aperture area of 20.3 cm<sup>2</sup>. The outdoor stability analysis of PSM was conducted following ISOS-O-1 protocol, which exhibited negligible PCE loss throughout 6 months, suggesting reliable durability under real conditions.