Is the timing of fracture fixation important for the patient with multiple trauma?

Abstract

The effect of timing of femur fracture fixation for patients with multiple trauma was studied to determine the effect of operative timing on eventual outcome. The relationship between timing of intramedullary rod (IMR) placement, degree of injury, and pulmonary complications was studied in 424 consecutive patients. The authors focused on 105 patients undergoing IMR placement with an Injury Severity score (ISS) of greater than or equal to 18. The effects of timing of IMR placement on various pulmonary complications, organ failure, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and ventilatory assistance were studied for various time intervals. Of the 424 patients, pulmonary complications increased slightly in the more seriously injured group (ISS > 18) but were not influenced by the timing of IMR placement. Of the 105 patients undergoing IMR placement with an ISS > or = 18, only 2 patients died. Both patients had an IMR placed in less than 24 hours and died later of head injury and delayed hemorrhage. The incidence of organ failure, number of ventilator days, and length of ICU stay did not differ between the groups based on timing of fracture fixation. The incidence of severe head injuries was higher in the group undergoing delayed IMR placement (> 48 hours). Modest delays in IMR placement did not adversely affect patient outcome. Pulmonary complications were related to the severity of injury rather than to timing of fracture fixation. In a well-integrated trauma system, clinical judgment regarding the timing of IMR placement was the most important determinant of outcome. Delays that were made to stabilize the patient, treat associated injuries, and plan orthopedic reconstruction did not adversely affect patient outcome.