The effects of aging on the cutaneous microvasculature.

Abstract

Few studies have attempted to quantitatively assess in vivo changes in the microvasculature with age. The objective was to assess in vivo structural and functional changes in the cutaneous microvasculature with aging and to analyze the contribution of the microvasculature to skin color. Video capillaroscopy, in conjunction with fluorescein angiography, and laser-Doppler flowmetry were used to compare elderly and young normal volunteers. Skin color differences were assessed with a handheld color reflectance meter. A photoexposed site, the forehead, and the relatively photoprotected ventral forearm were studied to differentiate photoaging from chronologic aging. Dermal papillary loops were significantly reduced in old skin compared with young skin (forehead by 40%; forearm by 37%). Horizontal vessels showed increased volume fraction in elderly forehead and forearm skin. Laser-Doppler studies demonstrated no significant differences between young and old skin; indeed, hyperemic responsiveness appeared more rapid in the elderly. Color measurements showed elderly skin, particularly in men, to be significantly darker and redder. A marked loss in dermal nutritional vessel density and surface area for exchange is a feature of both chronologic aging and photoaging.