Antiviral effects of foscarnet and ganciclovir therapy on human immunodeficiency virus p24 antigen in patients with AIDS and cytomegalovirus retinitis. Studies of Ocular Complications of AIDS Research Group in collaboration with AIDS Clinical Trials Group.

Abstract

To examine whether the prolonged survival seen in patients treated with foscarnet compared with those treated with ganciclovir was due to a direct effect on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication, HIV p24 antigen was measured. Of 71 receiving foscarnet, 54% were p24 antigen-positive at enrollment (vs. 44% of 79 receiving ganciclovir). By immune complex-dissociated (ICD) p24 antigen analysis, 87% and 78%, respectively, were positive. After 1 month of treatment, there was a significant decline in standard (mean decline, 10.1 pg/mL) and ICD (mean, 39.6 pg/mL) p24 antigen in both groups (P = .0001). Mortality was greater in those who were ICD p24 antigen-positive than in those -negative at baseline (P = .03) and in subjects with an increase in ICD p24 antigen than in those with a decline (P = .09). Thus, each drug had a suppressive effect on circulating p24 antigen, which was predictive of improved survival. The inhibitory effect on CMV replication may have a beneficial effect on limiting HIV replication.