The role of potassium in postural hypotension: electrolytes and neurohumoral factors in elderly hypertensive patients using diuretics.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To study the association between postural hypotension and (i) electrolyte levels and (ii) neurohumoral factors in elderly hypertensive patients using diuretics. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study of patients and controls. SETTING: The subjects were gathered from senior citizen clubs or they were referred to the study by general practitioners. The subjects were examined on a geriatric ward in Turku City Hospital. SUBJECTS: Seven subjects with postural hypotension and 13 controls. MEASUREMENTS: Plasma electrolyte levels and neurohumoral response to head-up tilt. RESULTS: There were significantly more hypokalaemic subjects in the postural hypotension group (5/7) than in the control group (1/13) (P < 0.01). The plasma potassium level was negatively correlated to plasma aldosterone (r = -0.57; P < 0.01) and renin activity (r = -0.69; P < 0.001). Subjects with postural hypotension had higher levels of noradrenaline, both supine (P < 0.05) and during tilt (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in supine or tilt levels of plasma adrenaline, vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide, aldosterone and renin activity between the groups. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that potassium depletion is associated with postural hypotension in elderly hypertensive patients using diuretics. However, it is unclear whether there is a causative link between potassium depletion and postural hypotension or whether they are both caused by some other factor, e.g. volume contraction.