Level of consciousness and age as prognostic factors in aneurysmal SAH.

Abstract

The prognostic value of the level of consciousness and the patient's age for the outcome of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is studied in 74 patients admitted on day (D) 0 to D3 after aneurysm rupture. For the level of consciousness three groups of patients are compared: grade I+II (alert patients), grade III+IV (drowsy patients), and grade V (comatose patients). For the age, two groups are compared: patients aged under 50, and patients aged 50 and over. The timing of surgery was: D0-D3 51%, D4-D6 20%, D7 and later 18%, and No surgery 11%. The overall management results were: Good (satisfactory result) 43%, Fair (moderately disabled) 18%, Poor (severely disabled+vegetative survival) 19%, and Death 20%. The outcome was strongly related to the level of consciousness, the rates of Good result decreasing from 71% (grades I-II) to 14% (grades III-IV) and to zero (grade V), and the mortality rates increasing respectively from 5% to 14% and 61%. The relationship between outcome and age was less marked: 54% Good result under 50 and 30% over 50. Out of the Grade V group, 56% could be operated upon and 44% died before surgery. No patient from the other two groups died before surgery. The literature concerning the Grading Systems published so far and the various prognostic factors are discussed.