Prevention of nausea and vomiting after day case gynaecological laparoscopy. A comparison of ondansetron, droperidol, metoclopramide and placebo.

Abstract

We have compared the efficacy of ondansetron, metoclopramide, droperidol and placebo in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in 118 day stay patients undergoing laparoscopic gynaecological procedures. All received a standardised general anaesthetic of fentanyl, propofol, nitrous oxide in oxygen and isoflurane. Three to five min before induction of anaesthesia, patients were allocated to receive ondansetron 4 mg, metoclopramide 10 mg, droperidol 1 mg or placebo in a randomised, double-blind manner. Visual analogue scores for nausea, the incidence of emetic episodes, and analgesic and antiemetic consumption were recorded for 48 h postoperatively. The scores for nausea were significantly lower in the ondansetron group (p < 0.01) compared with the other three groups at 1, 2 and 4 h after operation; thereafter there was no difference. The incidence of emesis was lower (p = 0.063) and time to first oral fluids was shorter (p < 0.05) in the ondansetron group. Oral analgesic requirements were significantly greater in the ondansetron group over the 48 h study period. Two patients, one each in the placebo and metoclopramide groups, had to remain in hospital overnight because of persistent emetic symptoms.