An in vivo comparison of oral 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine and 5-iodo-2-pyrimidinone-2'-deoxyribose toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and DNA incorporation in athymic mouse tissues and the human colon cancer xenograft, HCT-116.

Abstract

5-iodo-2-pyrimidinone-2'-deoxyribose (IPdR) was recently reported to be converted to 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (IUdR) by an aldehyde oxidase, most concentrated in liver tissue. We questioned whether IPdR could be used as a p.o. hepatotropic prodrug to increase the percentage of IUdR-DNA incorporation into liver tumors compared to normal liver with acceptable systemic toxicity. Athymic nude mice with human colon cancer (HCT-116) xenograft tumors as liver metastases and s.c. flank tumors received daily p.o. boluses (via gastric tubes) of IUdR or IPdR for 6 days. The maximum tolerated dose of IUdR was 250 mg/kg/day and was associated with a > 10% weight loss and a high percentage of IUdR-DNA incorporation (> 5%) into normal bone marrow and intestine. In contrast, animals tolerated escalating doses of IPdR to 1 gm/kg/day without weight loss and with less (1.5-4%) IUdR-DNA incorporation in normal tissues. Pharmacokinetic analysis of p.o. IPdR showed peak plasma levels of IPdR and IUdR within 15-45 min, suggesting efficient conversion of IPdR to IUdR. Aldehyde oxidase activity was found in normal liver tissue but not in other normal or tumor tissues. Additionally, we found a 2-3 times greater percentage of IUdR-DNA incorporation in tumor with IPdR than IUdR at the highest doses used. However, no differential effect in the percentage of IUdR-DNA incorporation was noted between liver metastases and s.c. tumors with either IPdR or IUdR. We conclude that p.o. IPdR offers a greater therapeutic index for tumor incorporation (and presumably radiosensitization) than a similar schedule of IUdR.