Management of malignant melanoma of the head and neck.

Abstract

A total of 91 patients with melanoma of the head and neck treated between 1973 and 1991 were studied prospectively with regard to prognostic features, treatment and outcome. Other than Breslow thickness, the only important prognostic feature was the less aggressive nature of lentigo maligna melanoma. A policy of selective excision margins, 1 cm for impalpable and 2 cm for palpable lesions, was found to be safe, although preliminary biopsy should be used if there is diagnostic uncertainty or where the expected extent of surgery entails a mutilating procedure. Local recurrence rates were not affected by the method of wound closure, which should be determined by the best functional and cosmetic outcome. These results support the trend against prophylactic neck dissection. Such dissection, when indicated for lesions of the face, pinna, anterior scalp and parotid area, should routinely include superficial parotidectomy. Uncontrolled symptomatic loco-regional recurrence is an uncommon complication that may occur despite radical primary surgery. The role of preoperative radiotherapy for high-risk melanoma in this situation warrants investigation.