The association of Helicobacter pylori with gastric cancer and preneoplastic gastric lesions in Chiapas, Mexico.

Abstract

Helicobacter pylori recently was identified as a risk factor for gastric cancer. Its association with preneoplastic conditions of the stomach, however, is undocumented. Gastric biopsy specimens from 245 symptomatic patients were examined for neoplastic and preneoplastic lesions and for gastric H. pylori infection. The sera of 183 subjects were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for anti-H. pylori immunoglobulin G. Histologic H. pylori infection, usually accompanied by acute and chronic gastritis, was found in 85.7% of patients. There was a strong association between H. pylori in the tissue and atrophy (relative risk, 15.0; 95% confidence interval, 4.2-56.6), intestinal metaplasia (relative risk, 5.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.9-16.8), and dysplasia or cancer (relative risk, 4.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-14.8). The ELISA was 93.2% sensitive and 57.1% specific for histologic infection with a positive predictive value of 96.1%. The overall seroprevalence rate was 86.1%, with no significant difference in rates between patients with cancer precursors and those with normal stomachs. In this high-risk population, precursor lesions for adenocarcinoma were associated universally with H. pylori infection.