Asbestos-related bilateral diffuse pleural thickening: natural history of radiographic and lung function abnormalities.

Abstract

Sixty-four subjects with asbestos-related diffuse pleural thickening attending the London Medical Boarding Centre for Respiratory Diseases (formerly, the Central Pneumoconiosis Panel) were studied to investigate symptomatology, lung function, and radiographic change over an average period of 8 to 9 yr. Chest pain was a common symptom, occurring in over half of the subjects. Approximately one-third of the subjects had a history of pleurisy or pleural effusion. Full long function, available in all cases, showed a highly significant decrement (p < 0.001) compared with predicted values in all variables except gas transfer coefficient (Kco) at initial presentation, consistent with a restrictive ventilatory defect. Longitudinal lung function, available over a mean period of 8.9 yr in 36 subjects, showed a significant decrement above that predicted in FEV1 and FVC only (p < 0.05). Decreases in other parameters were observed, although statistical significance was not achieved. Radiographic score increased with time but there was no correlation between change in lung function and increasing radiographic score, probably reflecting the initial severity of the disease in subjects studied. These observations confirm an initial decrement in lung function in diffuse pleural thickening which is followed by comparatively little change over time.