Value of a dynamic MR scan in predicting vascular ingrowth from free vascularized scapular transplant used for treatment of avascular femoral head necrosis.

Abstract

We have treated three patients with avascular osteonecrosis using vascularized scapular bone graft. To predict blood perfusion in both the diseased femoral head and the transferred bone, all the hips were followed up using dynamic magnetic resonance (MR) scans, performed 1 and 7 months after surgery. In the present cases, it was shown that conventional enhanced MR imaging sometimes depicts increased intensity in bone marrow without blood perfusion due to the leakage of gadolinium-DTPA (Gd-DTPA) from the capillaries surrounding the avascular tissue. It was found that Gd-DTPA remaining in the dead bone marrow resulted in a false-positive image. By contrast, the dynamic MR scan evaluated only those images taken before the leakage. This is one of the advantages of the dynamic study, which reflects actual blood flow in the bone. The fast rise in the time-intensity curve following bolus injection of Gd-DTPA indicates that there is fast blood perfusion in the bone. The dynamic MR scan has demonstrated that there is little blood perfusion in the diseased bone 1 month after the operation and that vascular ingrowth from the transferred bone flap proceeds gradually between 1 and 7 months after surgery. These findings indicate that the dynamic MR scan is very useful in demonstrating vascular ingrowth after surgery in avascular necrosis of the femoral head and can be a reliable monitoring technique for anastomotic patency of the vascularized bone flap.