Is isolated second-trimester hyperechogenic bowel a predictor of suboptimal fetal growth?

Abstract

Hyperechogenic bowel has been described as a normal variant in second-trimester fetuses, but also in association with cystic fibrosis, chromosomal abnormalities, congenital infection, intestinal obstruction and intra-amniotic bleeding. These fetuses are also at risk for poor perinatal outcome, mainly due to intrauterine growth retardation. In this report we examine the potential of ultrasonographic detection of isolated fetal hyperechogenic bowel in the second trimester as a marker of subsequent suboptimal fetal growth. Second-trimester fetuses with hyperechogenic bowel in comparison to controls had a greater incidence of birth weight below the 10th centile (6/48, 12.5% vs. 4/149, 2.7%, respectively; p = 0.01) and lower mean birth weight (3176 g (SD 741 vs. 3499 g (SD 493)), respectively; p = 0.001). There was no difference in the prevalence of preterm delivery in both groups (3/48, 6.3% vs. 8/149, 5.4%, respectively; p = 0.7). This study suggests that second-trimester fetuses normally-grown with isolated hyperechogenic bowel are at risk for suboptimal fetal growth.