Inflammation and growth factors.

Abstract

Pathways of inflammation culminating in tissue repair and scarring are defined. Inflammatory responses were induced in vitro and in vivo to monitor the mechanisms of leukocyte activation, the inflammatory products generated, the resolution of the response and tissue repair. Recruitment and activation of circulating leukocytes at sites of trauma and inflammation are essential to debridement, clearance of infectious organisms and repair of tissue injury. Once activated, infiltrating leukocytes generate a plethora of inflammatory mediators important in host defense. However, failure to clear the original stimulus and resolve the inflammatory response results in persistent release of these mediators, including cytokines, enzymes, eicosanoids, and reactive nitrogen and oxygen intermediates, which can cause tissue damage. Overabundant matrix generation during the chronic repair process may cause fibro-obstructive pathology. Disruption of these pathways, including leukocyte recruitment, may have therapeutic efficacy.