Changes in aortic wall stiffness in men with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency.

Abstract

To examine the diameter and distensibility of the abdominal aorta in patients with severe alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, and to compare the results with those of normal subjects. Abdominal aortic diameter and stiffness (beta) was measured using echo-tracking sonography in 19 men (mean age 50, range 25-79) and 17 women (mean age 46, range 26-62) with severe alpha 2-antitrypsin deficiency. The results were compared with those of healthy individuals of corresponding age and gender. There was no significant difference in the abdominal aortic diameter between controls and patients with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency when corrected for age, sex and body surface area (men p = 0.20, women p = 0.10). Men with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency showed significantly lower stiffness in the abdominal aorta compared to controls (p = 0.025), whereas women did not (p = 0.17). No significant difference in abdominal aortic diameter could be detected in patients with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency compared with controls. However, aortic distensibility in men with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency is altered. This may reflect early vessel wall abnormality.