Direct observation of heterogeneous chemistry in the atmosphere.

Gard, EE; Kleeman, MJ; Gross, DS; Hughes, LS; Allen, JO; Morrical, BD; Fergenson, DP; Dienes, T et al. · Science · 1998

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

The heterogeneous replacement of chloride by nitrate in individual sea-salt particles was monitored continuously over time in the troposphere with the use of aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Modeling calculations show that the observed chloride displacement process is consistent with a heterogeneous chemical reaction between sea-salt particles and gas-phase nitric acid, leading to sodium nitrate production in the particle phase accompanied by liberation of gaseous HCl from the particles. Such single-particle measurements, combined with a single-particle model, make it possible to monitor and explain heterogeneous gas/particle chemistry as it occurs in the atmosphere.