Identification of obstructive sleep apnea in patients who snore.

Abstract

As the field of sleep medicine has evolved, the clinical implications of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in snoring patients have become well accepted. Recent advances in surgical therapy for snoring allow otolaryngologists to offer simple outpatient treatment to patients with this problem. However, because the incidence of OSA in snorers seeking medical attention is unknown, the appropriate pretreatment evaluation of these patients is a subject of continued debate. Ninety-four snoring patients were recruited for a study to determine the incidence of OSA in this highly selected population. Subjects answered an extensive sleep questionnaire to determine factors that might suggest a diagnosis of OSA. Level III ambulatory sleep studies were performed on each participant. The incidence of OSA in this group was 72% (42% severe and 30% mild to moderate). Twenty of the subjects with OSA also underwent formal level I sleep studies, and the diagnosis of OSA was confirmed in each instance. Although there was a relationship between body mass index and OSA and certain questions correlated with OSA, the sensitivity and specificity of these data alone or in combination were too low to recommend their use in lieu of a formal sleep study. Given the remarkably high incidence of OSA in this group, which may reflect that seen by otolaryngologists who treat snoring, a sleep study should be performed to diagnose OSA and institute therapy for this condition. Level III ambulatory monitoring devices may be the most cost-effective alternative for evaluating this high-risk population.