Responses of thenar muscles to transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex in patients with incomplete spinal cord injury.

Abstract

To investigate changes in electromyographic (EMG) responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the motor cortex after incomplete spinal cord injury in humans. A group of 10 patients with incomplete spinal cord injury (motor level C3-C8) was compared with a group of 10 healthy control subjects. Surface EMG recordings were made from the thenar muscles. TMS was applied with a 9 cm circular stimulating coil centred over the vertex. The EMG responses to up to 50 magnetic stimuli were rectified and averaged. Thresholds for compound motor evoked potentials (cMEPs) and suppression of voluntary contraction (SVC) elicited by TMS were higher (p < 0.05) in the patient group. Latency of cMEPs was longer (p < 0.05) in the patient group in both relaxed (controls 21.3 (SEM 0.5) ms; patients 27.7 (SEM 1.3) ms) and voluntarily contracted (controls 19.8 (SEM 0.5) ms; patients 27.6 (SEM 1.3) ms) muscles. The latency of SVC was longer (p < 0.05) in the patients (51.8 (SEM 1.8) ms) than in the controls (33.4 (SEM 1.9) ms). The latency difference (SVC-cMEP) was longer in the patients (25.3 (SEM 2.4) ms) than in the controls (13.4 (SEM 1.6) ms). The longer latency difference between cMEPs and SVC in the patients may reflect a weak or absent early component of cortical inhibition. Such a change may contribute to the restoration of useful motor function after incomplete spinal cord injury.