A historical review of compartment syndrome and Volkmann's ischemic contracture.

Abstract

Compartment syndrome has been a recognized disease entity since the mid-nineteenth century. Extensive research and clinical observation have allowed for a better understanding of this uniquely complex disease process. Outstanding contributions by clinicians over the past century have provided the basis for our current perspective on its pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. Although Volkmann's early reference to increased "pressure" as the cause of this syndrome was made over 100 years ago, today's modern concept of treatment to prevent contracture based on increased intracompartment pressure has evolved only through the combined efforts of various committed clinicians during the past century.