Catamenial fevers associated with a uterine smooth muscle tumor of undetermined malignant potential.

Abstract

Pyrexia associated with solid and hematogenous neoplasms are a well-recognized clinical condition. Menstrually related (catamenial) fevers have not been reported previously. A 52-year-old woman with a history of stage I breast cancer on adjuvant tamoxifen citrate presented with recurrent fevers associated with menses. An extensive evaluation of possible causes, including recurrent breast cancer and infectious, collagen-vascular, and drug-related sources, initially was unrevealing. A gynecologic evaluation identified a uterine tumor, which appeared to be a cellular leiomyoma on hysteroscopic biopsy. The catamenial fevers resolved immediately after hysterectomy. A uterine smooth muscle tumor of undetermined malignant potential was identified on pathology. Smooth muscle tumors of the myometria are a rare cause of menstrual fevers.