Diabetes: the cost of illness in Sweden.

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the total cost of diabetes mellitus in Sweden in 1994 and to compare the cost structure with a former Swedish study and with American studies. The study also aims to investigate how the total cost is distributed between control of and complications of the disease. DESIGN: In order to estimate the economic burden of diabetes mellitus in Sweden in 1994, the cost-of-illness method, based on the human capital theory, has been used. Both direct and indirect costs have been estimated using a prevalence approach and a 'top-down' method. RESULTS: The economic burden of diabetes mellitus is estimated at 5746 MSEK (1US$ = 7.50 SEK) in Sweden in 1994. The direct costs are estimated at 2455 MSEK and constitute about 43% of the total cost. The indirect costs (production loss due to morbidity and premature mortality) were the dominant costs and amounted to 3291 MSEK, or 57% of total cost. Comparisons with a previous Swedish study from 1978 show some interesting results. Firstly, the distribution of direct and indirect costs is identical between the two studies. Secondly, the distribution of costs between management/control of the disease and complications was about the same, comparing the situation 16 years apart. Four American studies show a cost structure similar to the cost structure presented in this study. CONCLUSIONS: The overall conclusion must be that very little has changed in the cost structure of diabetes in Sweden between 1978 and 1994.